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DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Melbourne:20221018T090000
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SUMMARY:Novelties\, Frauds\, and Protections: The Fruit Business in Nineteenth-Century America
DESCRIPTION:In the United States through the 1830s\, commercial fruit nurseries were few in number\, served largely local markets\, and\, facing little competition\, did little in their catalogues to differentiate and brand their products. Beginning in the 1820s\, the transportation revolution\, the migrations westward\, and the creation of relentlessly expanding markets steadily enlarged competition and put a premium on the innovation of novel fruits. Plants were not patentable at the time. Plant nurseries\, hitherto members of close-knit local communities\, had tended to rely on mutual trust to prevent the appropriation of their innovations. However\, operating in increasingly impersonal regional and national markets they sought to protect their investments in the creation or acquisition of novelties by branding their products. Still\, cheats could offer fraudulent or adulterated fruit trees or vines under the branded name\, and purchasers would be none the wiser because it was virtually impossible to tell simply by inspection what plant or plant quality young trees or vines would eventually produce. \nFrom the 1830s through the rest of the century\, purveyors of innovations developed a variety of strategies to protect their brands. The strategies were well exemplified by several prominent nurseries\, notably Ellwanger and Barry’s\, in Rochester\, New York; Charles Hovey’s\, in Cambridge\, Massachusetts; and Luther Burbank’s\, in Santa Rosa\, California. They emphasized in their catalogues the importance of purchasing only from reliable sources\, included testimonials from happy customers\, and provided lithographs – first black and white\, then in color – of their branded fruits. Still\, thieves of new fruit trees and vines could simply clone them and sell them under another brand name. In the face of that biological loophole\, their originators charged exceptionally high prices for first sales\, hoping therein to recoup the downstream revenues they would lose to appropriation. They also employed traveling salesmen to sell their trees and vines\, instructed them to gain trust by behaving in a moral\, upright manner\, and equipped them with sample books that presented in full color the fruits purchasers would get if they bought and planted the nursery’s trees and vines. By the late nineteenth century\, finding these protective strategies increasing inadequate\, nurserymen began agitating for national legal protection of their branded novelties through trademarks and patents. \nAbout People\, Plants and the Law Online Lecture Series\nThe People\, Plants\, and the Law lecture series explores the legal and lively entanglements of human and botanical worlds. \nToday people engage with and relate to plants in diverse and sometimes divergent ways. Seeds—and the plants that they produce—may be receptacles of memory\, sacred forms of sustenance\, or sites of resistance in struggles over food sovereignty. Simultaneously\, they may be repositories of gene sequences\, Indigenous knowledge\, bulk commodities\, or key components of economic development projects and food security programs. \nThis lecture series explores the special role of the law in shaping these different engagements\, whether in farmers’ fields\, scientific laboratories\, international markets\, or elsewhere.
URL:https://www.plantsuccess.org/event/novelties-frauds-and-protections-the-fruit-business-in-nineteenth-century-america/
LOCATION:Zoom
CATEGORIES:People Plants and the Law
ORGANIZER;CN="Plant Success":MAILTO:admin@plantsuccess.org
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DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Melbourne:20220823T170000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Melbourne:20220823T180000
DTSTAMP:20260418T001755
CREATED:20220210T163820Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20221219T180641Z
UID:1993-1661274000-1661277600@www.plantsuccess.org
SUMMARY:Artificial by Nature: Plastic Flowers as Intangible Properties
DESCRIPTION:In March 1961\, the refusal of entry of a ‘Sweetheart Roses’ consignment into the United States began a series of interesting controversies concerning the copyright in plastic roses\, geraniums\, lilacs\, and flower corsages. Although the history of these cases remains largely unexplored\, this paper shows how significant they were in addressing the unstable distinction between the natural and the artificial\, particularly when the subsistence of copyright was at stake. Artificial flowers simulated nature\, but they did so in ways that forced copyright to construct its subject matter differently. The irony implicit here resulted in the law looking at flower construction as an artifice but trying to legitimate it by grounding the question of originality in the way nature itself was approached. \nAbout People\, Plants and the Law Online Lecture Series\nThe People\, Plants\, and the Law lecture series explores the legal and lively entanglements of human and botanical worlds. \nToday people engage with and relate to plants in diverse and sometimes divergent ways. Seeds—and the plants that they produce—may be receptacles of memory\, sacred forms of sustenance\, or sites of resistance in struggles over food sovereignty. Simultaneously\, they may be repositories of gene sequences\, Indigenous knowledge\, bulk commodities\, or key components of economic development projects and food security programs. \nThis lecture series explores the special role of the law in shaping these different engagements\, whether in farmers’ fields\, scientific laboratories\, international markets\, or elsewhere.
URL:https://www.plantsuccess.org/event/artificial-by-nature-plastic-flowers-as-intangible-properties/
LOCATION:Zoom
CATEGORIES:People Plants and the Law
ORGANIZER;CN="Plant Success":MAILTO:admin@plantsuccess.org
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Melbourne:20220517T090000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Melbourne:20220517T100000
DTSTAMP:20260418T001755
CREATED:20220210T163016Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20221219T180624Z
UID:1990-1652778000-1652781600@www.plantsuccess.org
SUMMARY:Supporting Indigenous Data: Introducing the Traditional Knowledge and Biocultural Labels
DESCRIPTION:Concerns over Indigenous Data Sovereignty and Indigenous rights under the Nagoya Protocol underpin the development and application of Traditional Knowledge and Biocultural Labels/Notices. The Local Contexts system which delivers the Labels and Notices\, is focused on implementing Indigenous provenance\, protocols\, and permissions into digital infrastructures.The Labels and Notices are designed to provide a persistent and durable connection between collaborating Indigenous communities and researchers\, research projects\, genetic resources\, Digital Sequence Information (DSI)\, and associated traditional knowledge\, that exist as metadata in sample/data repositories . \nThe Biocultural Labels support Nagoya Protocol expectations around the disclosure and origins of genetic resources (i.e. Provenance Label) and help to define and communicate Indigenous community expectations and consent about appropriate and future use of genetic resources and derived benefits. Importantly BC Labels may only be applied by an Indigenous community\, and they are both human readable and machine readable. Each Label has a persistent unique identifier and the Label metadata (as text) is customized to each community context. \nThis presentation will introduce the Labels and Notices and explore the responsibilities that universities and researchers have to practically implement mechanisms that enable transparency around Indigenous rights and interests in support of Indigenous data sovereignty. \nAbout People\, Plants and the Law Online Lecture Series\nThe People\, Plants\, and the Law lecture series explores the legal and lively entanglements of human and botanical worlds. \nToday people engage with and relate to plants in diverse and sometimes divergent ways. Seeds—and the plants that they produce—may be receptacles of memory\, sacred forms of sustenance\, or sites of resistance in struggles over food sovereignty. Simultaneously\, they may be repositories of gene sequences\, Indigenous knowledge\, bulk commodities\, or key components of economic development projects and food security programs. \nThis lecture series explores the special role of the law in shaping these different engagements\, whether in farmers’ fields\, scientific laboratories\, international markets\, or elsewhere.
URL:https://www.plantsuccess.org/event/introducing-the-traditional-knowledge-and-biocultural-labels/
LOCATION:Zoom
CATEGORIES:People Plants and the Law
ORGANIZER;CN="Plant Success":MAILTO:admin@plantsuccess.org
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Australia/Melbourne:20220222T090000
DTEND;TZID=Australia/Melbourne:20220222T100000
DTSTAMP:20260418T001755
CREATED:20220210T162536Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20230124T150639Z
UID:1984-1645520400-1645524000@www.plantsuccess.org
SUMMARY:Stand and Deliver: Biopiracy\, Law\, and the Balkanization of the Genescape
DESCRIPTION:For 40 years now the users and suppliers of agricultural biodiversity have traded charges of highway robbery. Seed companies demand that purchasers of their seed pay a royalty and respect the intellectual property rights they hold on the crop varieties they claim as their inventions. Peasants\, Indigenous peoples\, and biodiverse nations demand that they be compensated for access to the valuable genetic resources that they now realize they have been delivering free for the use of the seed companies. \nAs intellectual property and contract law have been extended globally to facilitate the profitability of the international seed trade\, so has international law been developed to forestall biopiracy and provide “benefit sharing” in return for “access” to genetic resources. Kloppenburg will describe the inadequacies of this balancing act\, and show how it has resulted in a deeply problematic “Balkanization” of the genescape that benefits no one. As an alternative\, he looks to “open source” legal arrangements – especially those with “copyleft” provisions – as a possible foundation for a more just and regenerative regime of the use and exchange of plant genetic resources. FREE THE SEED! \nAbout People\, Plants and the Law Online Lecture Series\nThe People\, Plants\, and the Law lecture series explores the legal and lively entanglements of human and botanical worlds. \nToday people engage with and relate to plants in diverse and sometimes divergent ways. Seeds—and the plants that they produce—may be receptacles of memory\, sacred forms of sustenance\, or sites of resistance in struggles over food sovereignty. Simultaneously\, they may be repositories of gene sequences\, Indigenous knowledge\, bulk commodities\, or key components of economic development projects and food security programs. \nThis lecture series explores the special role of the law in shaping these different engagements\, whether in farmers’ fields\, scientific laboratories\, international markets\, or elsewhere.
URL:https://www.plantsuccess.org/event/biopiracy-law-and-the-balkanization-of-the-genescape/
LOCATION:Zoom
CATEGORIES:People Plants and the Law
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ORGANIZER;CN="Plant Success":MAILTO:admin@plantsuccess.org
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